Sierra Leone is bordered for the north-west, south and north-east by simply the Republic Guinea, on the south-east by the Republic of Liberia and on south-west simply by the Atlantic Marine. It has the area of 27, 925 square miles. The colony involving Sierra Leone originated in the sale in addition to cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of the piece involving land intended being a home for African-american settlers who had been waifs in London and later it has been used as the settlement for freed African slaves. Typically the hinterland was reported a British Protectorate on 21st August, 1896. Sierra Leone attained independence upon 27th April, 1961 and became some sort of Republic in year 1971. Education is presented by both private and state-sponsored schools. The current method of education is 6-3-4-4 (that is usually six years Principal school, three years Jr . Secondary School, several years Senior Secondary School and 4 years tertiary/higher education. This particular system is associated by non- formal education.

CONCEPT ASSOCIATED WITH EDUCATION

Education is definitely frequently used in the particular sense of training in the school room, laboratory, workshop or even domestic science space and consists mostly in the imparting by simply the teacher, and even the acquisition by simply pupils, of details and mental because well as handbook skills. A broader meaning than training is that regarding schooling. Frankly almost all that goes on within the school as part of the pupil’s life generally there. It includes, among other things, relationship involving pupils and instructors, pupils and learners both in and even outside the school. M. S. Mill (1931) opined that what ever helps to form the human getting; to make the individual what they are or prevent him from being what he is certainly not is section of his education. Implicitly education and learning is lifelong plus ubiquitous; it does not take total total of almost all influences which move to make a particular person what he is, by birth to death. It includes the property, our neighbors, and the street among other folks.

Education is to some extent a deliberate planned procedure devised and conducted by the mentor together with the purpose of imbuing the novice with certain info, skills, of mind and body as well as modes of behavior deemed desirable. In portion it’s the learner’s personal response to the environment in which they lives. Education provides three focal items: the individual/person after whom the educator’s influences are produced to bear; the society or community to which he or she belongs; and the whole context involving reality within which the individual in addition to society play their part. Man is a social beast; he grows as a person through typically the impact of character on personality; plus even for the basic physical requires he depends upon what assist and cooperation regarding his fellow men and women. With no society and the particular mutual support plus enrichment of experiences which it offers world is impossible plus the life associated with man, in Hobbes’ words, is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. inches

One of the particular fundamental facts involving human existence is definitely the tension involving the pull of typically the past and the forward urge straight into the future, among stability and transformation, tradition and creativity. For effective living, man requires a group of security, a great area of set up habits and partnership which forms reliable relationships. This is also true of society. For their effective functioning generally there must be an underlying continuity of practices and outlook which in turn preserves its identification as a modern society and safeguards it from the disruptive outcomes of change. Switch must be for life and not static but this alter in turn should be controlled by simply the basic customs of society. This is tradition which gives a nation the character and distinctiveness as a modern society. The conservation associated with tradition therefore is obviously crucial.

This has been recognized from time immemorial that the resource efficiency of traditional education and learning has a vital part to play in the advancement the child. Typically the children of today are typically the adults of down the road; they must be trained therefore, to will usually inherit and perpetuate the particular beliefs and methods of life distinct to the particular society to which they belong. Regarding every society gets the desire to preserve itself not just physically but since local community consciously sharing selected aims, ideals and even patterns of behavior. This type associated with education is not really necessarily formal inside schools by means of class room instruction but of which effected indirectly by way of the family and even through the impact in the individual associated with social influences in addition to customs which typically the child cannot evade. In Sierra Leone this social education included elaborate ceremonies of initiation involving feats of strength by which young men and women should prove themselves worthy of the community. The particular ultimate goal was to produce somebody who was honest, respectful, qualified, cooperative, and who could adapt the social order regarding the day. Because Aristotle once stated “the constitution of a state will suffer if training is neglected. Typically the citizens of a new state should always be educated to suit the constitution from the state. The sort of character appropriate to a constitution is the force which continues to sustain it as this is also the state force which often originally created it” (p. I).

CONVENTIONAL EDUCATION IN CULTURE

Traditional education provides both a creative plus conservation function inside society; this can be an effective means of conserving a society’s customs, if not traditions. During the past the character and needs associated with society played part in determining the size of education. Professor E. V. C. Jeffreys (1950) once published in his book, Glaucon, that “in a tranquil modern society the academic system will are likely to reflect typically the social pattern, when social uneasiness and even instability create chance for using training as an device of social change”(p. 7). A identical view was contributed by John Dewey (1897) who opined that through education and learning society can come up with an unique purposes, can organize its personal means and resources and thus preserve itself with definiteness and economy in the direction in which often it wishes to be able to move. Education appearance both towards the previous and the future; inevitably it shows the traditions and character of culture. Traditional education may be used to prepare for alterations in society and even anticipate and prevent adjustments or the associated with changes in community.

Traditional education conserves and hands upon the customs and even ways of lifestyle which constitute the smoothness of a modern society and maintains their unity. It furthermore helps society in order to interpret its functions in new ways in order to meet the troubles of change, searching for ways or outlines of development that are consistent with typically the traditions and practices and will as well raise society to some more complete happiness of itself.
TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS WITHIN SIERRA LEONE

History reveals that right now there were no conventional schools where children were educated throughout Pre-colonial Sierra Leone. The Poro and Bondo/Sande Secret Organizations were viewed as institutions to teach young children. They were bush schools. And the particular education these rose bush schools provided has been informal. Children that experienced these top secret societies were considered capable of carrying out their civic tasks. They became adults and can marry and start lifestyle. They considered on their own as one family. Found in other words equally Secret Societies a new sense of comradeship and unity amongst members irrespective of family, clan or even ethnic affiliation. This was therefore considered that children that had not gone through these secret societies were not totally matured.

The Poro Secret Society is usually for boys. The spiritual head involving the Poro Society is Pa Gbonu, seen only by the older graduates or members. The actual physical heads are typically the Pa Sama Yorgbors and Pa Somanos. They direct typically the activities with the organization. The senior teachers are the Pennsylvania Kashis, who normally teach and give instructions to other initiators. The Pa Manchiyas serve as professors to the initiates while the Kachemas are definitely the scaring spirits. They scare the particular women and young children alike together with the new initiates. The Rakas are the charge boys carrying emails around. The Yambas are the mind boys. The Bomos would be the senior prefects even though the Sayboms are the prefects; and even the monitors would be the Gbanaboms. Informal classes are held in the Secret Poro Rose bush. The subjects taught include Creative Useful Arts, Performing Artistry, Practical Agriculture, Treatments i. e. use of local herbs for the treatment of distinct ailments), warfare and even other skills. Inside of Creative Practical Disciplines initiates are trained how to help to make fishing nets, containers, mats, and carving wood and cleansing soap stones into various objects such while animals and people; in Performing Martial arts initiates are taught singing, dancing and the use regarding Poro musical instruments. In Practical Culture initiates practice producing. Boys are educated to deal with hardship with out complaint and grow comfortable with it. Therefore they can be taken to the farms involving their teachers plus elders to work on pro vale basis. However throughout احسن جامعة فى مصر of year initiates could pass through these farms using whatever they want and eat without being questioned by farm owners. Starts are taught in order to respect elders and even use of weapons to kill pets. In a similar vein initiates are usually taught how to be able to use guns in fighting in protection of their residential areas. Other skills starts are taught incorporate making fish barriers, fishing and camping net, and basketry. Inside the use involving herbs initiates pay money (some readily given) for curing various sicknesses as well as protection against adversaries, evil spirits and snake bites. Starts who want to cause harm to others making use of herbs could ‘redeem’ the herb/medicine concerned. Over all initiates are taught a new Language talked only by members called Ke Sornor. For example fonka trika meaning I will be talking to a person; fonka bonomi which means Discuss. The use of this new Language makes teachers very proud plus feel different through non-initiates. Graduates come out with new names such since Lamp, Langba in addition to Kolerr. A graduation ceremony climaxes the event.